Warm temperatures drive surge in non-native insect sightings across the West Midlands

During a period of elevated temperatures this summer in the West Midlands, conservationists have reported a significant rise in populations of insects previously considered rare in the area. Species such as the hummingbird hawk moth, ivy bee, and wasp spider have been observed in growing numbers.

The hummingbird hawk moth, distinguished by its grey furry body and vibrant orange hindwings, migrates to the UK from southern Europe and North Africa during the summer. Its rapid wing beats, which occur approximately 80 times per second, allow it to hover while feeding from flowers, resembling a small bird.

James Benwell, representing the Birmingham and Black Country Wildlife Trust, described 2026 as a record-breaking year for sightings. He noted that while these moths typically arrive in small numbers, this year has seen an abundance of records. Despite the high visibility of the species, Benwell admitted he has not yet spotted one personally.

Ivy bees, which primarily feed on ivy nectar, have also become more prevalent. First recorded in the UK in 2001, they were initially spotted in Stourbridge in 2015 and are now slowly spreading northward. Benwell noted that while they are not as visually striking as other bees, they are easily located on buildings near ivy.

Other migratory species benefiting from the heat include the clouded yellow butterfly. Although most individuals cannot survive British winters, Benwell suggested that continued climate warming could establish them as permanent residents. He emphasized that numerous species absent from the region two decades ago are now abundant.

The hornet hoverfly, which mimics a hornet to deter predators despite being unable to sting, has become common since its first recording in Birmingham and the Black Country in 2004. Similarly, the cricket bat spider, named for its distinctive markings, has increased in grassland areas since appearing in the region in 2019.

Warmer conditions have also pushed the large wasp spider more than 100 miles from its usual habitat into the Midlands. Recent sightings in Worcestershire, Herefordshire, and Warwickshire were highlighted by the Worcestershire Wildlife Trust.

Rosemary Winnall of the Wyre Forest Study Group celebrated the arrival of the wasp spider and noted other new arrivals, including the willow emerald damselfly, southern oak bush cricket, purple emperor butterfly, western conifer seed bug, and box bug.

However, the trend is not universally positive. Winnall pointed out that while sunshine-loving butterflies like the holly blue and pearl-bordered fritillary have benefited, other species are struggling. The small tortoiseshell butterfly, once common, is now rarely seen, and records for the two-spot ladybird have dropped significantly.

Conservationists are urging the public to record current common species, warning that they may become the rarities of the future as environmental conditions continue to shift.