Professor Peter Fonagy, the lead of an independent review into mental health, ADHD, and autism, has firmly rejected the characterization of young people as a “snowflake” generation, stating that mental distress among youth is genuinely increasing.
In an exclusive interview with the BBC ahead of the report’s release later this week, Fonagy emphasized that anxiety, depression, self-harm, and eating disorders are on the rise. He attributed these trends to a combination of economic and employment instability alongside the pressures exerted by social media.
The review was commissioned nine months ago by Wes Streeting, then health secretary, who had previously suggested that young people were being over-diagnosed and written off. Fonagy chose to speak to the BBC early to ensure that the broader mental health crisis was not overshadowed by debates specifically surrounding ADHD and autism diagnoses.
While some skeptics argue that increased awareness and the medicalization of normal life stresses are driving up case numbers, Fonagy maintains that the data reflects a true deterioration in well-being. He noted that approximately one in four individuals aged 16 to 24 is currently struggling with mental health issues.
“I’m in awe of the way they have adjusted to an environment that is far more difficult than I ever had to face,” said Fonagy, 74. He described the current landscape as “very toxic,” particularly for adolescent girls, citing societal expectations and issues such as sexual aggression from peers as significant factors.
The psychologist revealed that his personal history of suicidal thoughts as a teenager, following a move to London from Hungary, motivated his dedication to this field. He credited local therapy services with saving his life and stressed that contemporary youth deserve similar access to support.
Fonagy criticized the current state of NHS mental health services, describing them as unfit for purpose. He highlighted that one in three patients referred to these services remains on waiting lists for over a year. While acknowledging positive steps like the integration of mental health teams in schools, he argued that systemic cuts to youth services have reduced opportunities for young people to socialize and build a sense of belonging.
He also linked rising loneliness among youth to increased phone usage and disrupted sleep patterns. Fonagy urged families and friends to remain vigilant and offer support, hoping the upcoming report will galvanize action across education, employment, housing, and healthcare sectors.
Young people interviewed by the BBC expressed frustration that help often arrives too late. Omari, 22, shared that he attempted suicide at 15 due to bullying but felt ignored by teachers until hospitalization. Mattea, 17, who lives in temporary social housing, voiced concerns about her future and felt abandoned by adults.
“It’s all very well having this flashy report, but it’s useless if they don’t put that into practice,” Omari said, echoing concerns that the government must translate findings into tangible policy changes.
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