The onset of influenza season is approaching, bringing concerns for families, particularly regarding the vulnerability of young children and those with preexisting health conditions. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warns that the flu can present more severe risks than common colds, especially for infants under five and children managing chronic illnesses.
In response to these seasonal challenges, ABC News consulted Dr. Jeanne Marrazzo, chief executive officer of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), to provide guidance for parents. Along with the American Academy of Pediatrics, the IDSA advises that all individuals aged 6 months and older receive the annual flu vaccine.
Dr. Marrazzo highlighted the critical importance of immunization, noting that severe outcomes, including hospitalization and death, disproportionately affect unvaccinated children. Citing data from the 2024 and 2025 flu seasons, she revealed that between 150 and 180 pediatric deaths occurred, with more than 90% involving children who had not been vaccinated.
Vaccine options vary by age. Children aged 6 to 23 months are eligible for the inactivated flu vaccine injection. For children between 2 and 8 years old, parents can choose between the standard injection or a live attenuated intranasal vaccine, commonly known as a nasal spray. Dr. Marrazzo noted that the nasal option can be beneficial for reducing anxiety around injections in sensitive toddlers, though she cautioned that it is not suitable for children with weakened immune systems or conditions such as asthma.
For those aged 9 and older, available choices include the inactivated shot, the intranasal vaccine, or a recombinant flu vaccine.
Beyond vaccination, experts emphasize proactive household preparation. Parents are encouraged to enforce strict hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and covering coughs. When respiratory symptoms do appear, having over-the-counter remedies like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help manage fevers and discomfort. Dr. Marrazzo advised ensuring that sick children remain well-hydrated and isolated from other household members to prevent transmission.
While the flu typically presents with fever, chills, cough, sore throat, congestion, body aches, headaches, fatigue, and occasionally gastrointestinal issues, knowing when to seek professional care is vital. Dr. Marrazzo recommends immediate consultation with a pediatrician for infants under one year old. Additionally, parents should seek medical attention promptly if a child has serious underlying conditions, including asthma, cancer, lung disease, or if they are undergoing dialysis.
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